Passive Voice: All Tenses and Modal Verbs

Passive voice: the subject receives the action. Form: be in the right tense + V3.

• Present Simple: English is spoken here.
• Past Simple: The window was broken.
• Present Perfect: The work has been done.
• Future: The results will be published tomorrow.
• Modal: It can be repaired. · It must be finished.
• Continuous: The house is being painted.

Agent: by — The book was written by Orwell. Drop it when it is obvious or unimportant.

Not every verb makes a natural passive. At B1 stay with clear pairs: make, write, send, steal, build, speak.